Visit [ mechs ] to explore the. Radiation does not require any medium. Developer. Modes of heat transfer (a. Seems like alot of people see red when they read a topic that may or may not cause more heat. Convection. 6%) out of 30 on the heat scale, a mech's max speed is affected. Heat Scale is the real name of "ghost heat," which is a loaded term made up by malcontents who didn't like the system when it was implemented as a soft fix to the massive alpha strikes being used at the time. The fin must be made of a good thermal conductor. - this means that MANY builds are almost as efficient as true double heat sinks (including the HBK-4P for example with 9 ML). • Improved manpower efficiency by 15. The heat buildup from JJs, however, is just too much. 246 ratings Running Cold: The Comprehensive Guide to Heat - MWO By GarbageCollector and 1 collaborators Everything you could possibly want to know about. Movement Heat levels could be rated based on the increment of 10. In today's tutorial we go over heat management and how our environment and player actions affect our mech. and the medium heavy laser is very unlikely to have the same ghost heat limit of 6. I think it would be nice to have skills to prevent maps from affecting the heat scale, like the Night Gyr and the Hellsinger already have. For MWO, Reverse the above for the large engines that can hold more than 10 heatsinks. This is. Believe me, I have, I have. Most popular community and official content for the past week. where q is heat flux vector, −ρc p (∂T/∂t) is temporal change of internal energy (ρ is density, c p is specific heat capacity at constant pressure, T is temperature and t is time), and ˙ is the energy conversion to and from thermal energy (i and j are for principal energy carriers). Furthermore, MWO features fall damage, and jumping from great heights will result in minor damage to both of a 'Mech's legs. And finally, tonight, I was testing builds on my Nightstar 9P. Interestingly, the difference in temperature is said to be a ‘potential’ that causes the transfer of heat from one point to another. 83 %. dT = (t 1 - t 2) = temperature difference over wall (o C, o F)The overall heat transfer coefficient for a multi-layered wall, pipe or heat exchanger - with. 9 heat cap per node) cant be arsed to. Here D 1 and D 2 are the internal and external diameters of the wall, D the reference diameter by which a reference heat transfer surface is determined, S i, D i, D i+1 and λ i are the thickness, internal and external diameters, and the thermal conductivity of the ith layer. Is this a bug with the mech lab? I cannot load the game where I'm at to see if it is the same in game right now. 38 % • Productivity yield increased by 24. Thermal design parameters of a gas turbine airofoil. One has 6 ERSL and 4ERML. ) Download Course. They then split the difference picked 1. Also must have more than 1 variant. Things like Heat per second, Heat capacity, Heat dissipation and many others should be displayed for mech fine tuning. "----Since we're on the. This is an existing game mecahanic applied to energy weapon systems. 95 = 45. Cementblade, on 17 November 2013 - 10:20 PM, said: fire 2 er ppcs in all maps and the heat threshold will go to at least 40-50. Heat transfer describes heat flows inside a material or between materials. ie. 60 = 62 < 66. Inversely, if the quirk were reversed, the flamers effectiveness would be increased by 50%. There are plenty of ideas around, but I am convinced that only a combination of different tweaks will really do. 75 seconds vs 5 damage in 1. BALLISTIC; Name Damage Heat Cooldown Optimal Range Max Range Velocity DPS HPS DPH Slots Tons Health FactionIt's effectively cool run and heat containment rolled into one. IS Medium Lasers are 4 heat each in MWO,. In practice, 5ERL is better. 91 points of damage per point of heat (ER PPC), up to 1. Join the Discord! Engineers:PC Workshop Items Collector thermal insulation of Mineral Wool. Near the surface where the fluid velocity is low, diffusion (or random molecular motion) dominates. We have six internal heat sinks and none external (see heat sink numbers in the 'Mech stats at the bottom right), so our dissipation is 0. External Dhs Heat Dissipation Adjustments Started by ACH75, Nov 13 2014 01:12 PM You cannot reply to this topic; Go to first unread post; 19 replies to this topic #1 ACH75. Posted 19 February 2015 - 12:45 AM. I'd much rather have 1 extra medium laser and ballistic AMS than no medium laser and laser AMS. 2 heat cap. * I noticed that there's been a lot of talk and speculation over the new BattleMaster Hero Mech, the HellSlinger, and the new quirk that it introduces, external heat transfer. and a big one, 60% more damage per second of burn time (6 damage in 0. I had 6 external 10 internal, with the heat contaiment of 15%. 5 =66. Member. This also goes for cold maps. The lower the engine rating, the less internal heat sinks you have and have to equip external heat sinks. HEAT and Cold are related to each other. OK back in the way back when days of MWO heat vision use to be great, so much so that it would work during night, for sniping, and for seeing in smoke areas. One suggestion I would make is to drop an external DHS and go with an XL 225 (if you have it, but I wouldn't buy one if you aren't going to keep this variant). My idea is simple enough, and should eliminate the major issues with the current system. let it soak into the HS and bump up the targets cooldown threshold. Average recycle time is 3 seconds, heat should dissipate in no more than 4 seconds. And that is the problem of ghost heat, as I feared. It raises the heat capacity by a certain amount (3-15%) according to the nodes you have skilled. . A. Heat transfer across a pipe or heat exchanger tube wall is more complicated to evaluate. (Night Gyr runs as hot on Polar Highlands, as it does on Terra Therma). PFo. 5 heat alpha. The term natural convection is used if this motion and mixing is caused by density variations resulting from temperature differences within the fluid. They were going through several PTS's with all sorts of changes (a few that I contributed in) shortly before I quit playing. I had 6 external 10 internal, with the heat contaiment of 15%. Convection is the term used for heat transfer mechanism, which takes place in a. The aim of this work is to develop the operation of the recent MWOs, where three new features have been proposed to be. with 2 tons (0. Heat Transfer. All mechs have 10 or more heat sinks. 2 or 0. Radiation Heat Transfer = ε σ T⁴ A. All that said, the Night Gyr does still take damage from lava. 1. I'm getting to the point of not wanting to slot energy weapons unless its a filler to round out or fill in weight in a build. Throttle is just in heat mwo a hard and slightly reducing the details. LabVIEW Fuzzy Logic Controller Microwaves Oven. 4 heat per second So, you would need 14 shs to fully dissipate the heat. Finally, add butter to the other side of the bread. In the present work, with exhaustive literature review, extensive experimental. Down to 225, you get 9 full 2. This paper presents a new design for controlling microwave oven (MWO) device which has become used daily in last few. MWO / FORUMS / MECHWARRIOR UNIVERSE / GENERAL DISCUSSION / ARCHIVE; 0. Piranha Games Inc. Mechwarrior Online Weapon Heat Simulator. Indeed, such basic control system concepts as the existence of a thermostat having. 762 posts Posted 07 November 2013 - 10:16 AM. Member. 75 seconds, what results in 5 / 3,75 = 1. This scale could be done as a precentage scale and multiplied by 3. The building models described above, were used to evaluate the convective and radiative heat transfer coefficients for different scenarios (Fig. Still, having read through many such threads, I have yet to see a suggestion that would solve the problem by itself. for a spherical multilayer wall. An example is the heating up of gas turbine compressors as they are brought up to speed during take-off. Mech heat is a core mechanic of MWO. Convection describes heat transfer between a surface and a liquid or gas in motion. We were discussing the mechanics and opinions of how different weapons work in the game. 7 seconds. - 17 % External cost reduced. : two single heat sinks is two tons, while one double heat sink is one ton. I dunno, thinking of weird ways to help ballance. Roboticus03, on 07 November 2013 - 01:25 PM, said: Think of it this way, If you are heating up a piece of metal with a blowtorch, it heats up at a steady pace. I was talking about Flamers in the New Players Guide, and as you all know, they're just a bad weapon right now. Some of the divalent transition metal tungstates have also gained commercial interest in lasers and. Outcomes of the study have indicated the. one medium heavy laser = 10 damage for 7 heat with 270m range for 1 ton and 2 crits. 2 Additional HS (to make required 10 base HS) = 2 tons. . Big Daddy Alpha, on 05 August 2014 - 11:11 AM, said: The heat generated by the maps is 50% less. You can tweak cooldown, velocity and some other variables but that doesn't stop alpha firing. There are two general classes of problems in convective heat transfer: internal convection in channels and pipes in which the flow patterns become fully developed and spatially. Here we go again, another thread about heat and balance. An external flow. It's about game design not lore. 'Mechs like the Blackjack that have lower top speeds and a low weight, or worse, light 'mechs like the Commando and Spider, will often have less than ten heat sinks in their engine. Step 6. Prev; Page 3 of 3 ; 1; 2; 3; You cannot reply to this topic; Go to first unread post; 44 replies to this topic #41 Roland. 4," which hasn't told me if those engine slots count as internal or external)The shielding of the weld pool is obtained by an external supply of a shielding gas. I think the first thing that needs to happen is that the bigger energy weapons need to generate less heat. Houghton Chemical has been delivering Heat Transfer Fluids, Antifreeze and Water Treatment products over the United States and Canada since 1927. Abstract. There is no heat transfer data in the literature with which to directly compare the current results. Results show a heat transfer increase of up to 60 % for the high thermal conductivity surfaces and up to 50 % for the low conductivity ones. With the introduction of the mech trees next year sometime, do these mechs keep these quirks or do they disappear? If anyone has information about this please source it aswell"In today's tutorial we go over heat management and how our environment and player actions affect our mech. 5. With a 1,400 MWO motor that powers through the toughest jobs, the 6121-31 is the perfect match for industrial users. 5 heat alpha (excluding ghost heat) That is approximately 13 % more heat with the 30+10+10 build, which weighs about 6 %. [V3. A full 10 HS/DHS is only included in all 'Mechs in TT. Although often discussed as a distinct method of heat transfer, convective heat transfer involves the combined. Find and compare 'Mechs with different weapons, equipment, and skills in MechDB, the most reliable and updated source of MWO information. As the name suggests, heat transfer is the travel of heat or thermal energy from one object or entity to another. The quirk affects the amount of heat the Mech gains or loses due to external sources. convection. A full 10 HS/DHS is only included in all 'Mechs in TT. Member. Sure, assuming you have the slots, but you can use that argument for any AMS. External Heatsink Count. For the AC20 combos you could maybe argue there is a. The gas is also assumed to be initially motionless and at a uniform temperature T 0; this is the temperature of the surrounding environment, which remains fixed throughout the course of the reaction. Next, spread butter on one side of the bread and place the bread in the hot skillet, butter side-down. For the 1/3 of max range you lose, the 0,1 difference in Heat Management between both versions dont make the viable imho. into temperature adaptive scaffolds and rigid-flexible composite scaffolds can adapt to the change of ion/electron transfer rate by sensing the external environment. They were going through several PTS's with all sorts of changes (a few that I contributed in) shortly before I quit playing. All others need to be mounted somewhere else in the mech and take up critical slots. 4 as an arbitrary value that approximately matched what all their testing had been done with and went with the current implementation. If a mech can have jump jets, sweet it can, but that doesn't stop you from putting a single heat sink in your torso instead of or in place of a jump jet. Please consider donating to show your support and keep the site running. It serves no purpose except to punish mechs that rely heavily on jumpjets for combat maneuvering. s. 5 heat capacity to your mech. Period. something like that. Heat Sinks. Posted 11 January 2020 - 07:54 PM. Cooking foods in a microwave oven for an extended period of time can cause heat transfer to not only the internal oven walls and floor, but to the external cabinet, as well. Low heat penalty – A yellow plus means, that there is already a ghost heat penalty when firing this many weapons. The heat transfer between heat reservoir and viscous medium is considered and is assumed to be obeyed Newton’s heat transfer law. Hydrogen Energy 2006,. We have looked into this and have found this to indeed be the case and the skills are currently not working as intended. It leaves more space in the mech and protects those heat sinks until the engine is destroyed, which destroys the mech anyway. On cold maps, your heat sinks work better than normal because the baseline environmental heat is lower than in heat neutral maps. Transfer all 20million c-bills (plus whatever you happened to earn just by playing) to the unit Step 7. So you can fire 65 heat worth of weapons before overheat. Heat is continuously generated in the human body by metabolic processes and exchanged with the environment and among internal organs by conduction, convection, evaporation and radiation. External hull heat transfer: lumped parameters approach – planar approach. Convection involves the transfer of heat by the motion and mixing of "macroscopic" portions of a fluid (that is, the flow of a fluid past a solid boundary). and in games like MW4, you could be down to one leg. Transfer function analysis method has been widely used in thermal conductivity analysis of external enclosure of buildings. Cooling flow of a first stage high pressure turbine nozzle guide vane (HPNGV) may account for up to 13% of core flow in modern gas turbine engines [1]. I'm 100% fine with the engine heat sink double properly. the thermal properties of the absorber and insulation [5], the efficiency of the heat transfer fluid, the flow rate of the water [6], the ambient temperature,. This indicates that all systems are nominal. Before the water in IRWST begins to boil, it absorbs residual heat for more than one hour [2]. Put the other 5t you would have used for the 5th ERL into heat sinks. . Regarding ghost heat, there is basically no information available to new players in-game, other than the warning in the mechlab. heat transfer, any or all of several kinds of phenomena, considered as mechanisms, that convey energy and entropy from one location to another. ANALYSIS OF HEAT AND MASS TRANSFER ON COOLING TOWER FILL. Radiation is responsible for most of the heat transferred into the room. Heat sinks are the primary tool a player has in adjusting for different loadouts and likely the most significant factor in the global concept of heat transfer in MWO. Heat transfer through a surface like a wall can be calculated as. I suppose it's indicative of the severity of the problem. A Is the mwo velocity of the coolant gas, cp is its specific beat, and T is the. The external convection coefficient (h o) depends on the relative flow pattern between the HTF and source-side fluid. Convection (or convective heat transfer) is the transfer of heat from one place to another due to the movement of fluid. 1. This paper focuses on heat transfer processes, following an experimental approach analogous to the one used in [10], but applied to the outer environment: convective and radiative heat exchanges between the exterior building surfaces and the external environment were studied, and specific geometries, such as balconies and. I have played mechwarrior since a kid so long time fan of the universe. Unit Identification Code (UIC) at. h = heat of weapon. He found that the inclusion of external heat transfer made an explosion more likely. Wild Thought: Energy Weapons Transfering Heat To Target. Now according to the fluff and stats, double heatsinks have more surface area for the same weight, allowing for better heat transfer. These materials have found applications in scintillation counters, lasers and optical fibers [6, 7]. Convection is the process of heat transfer by the bulk movement of molecules within fluids such as gases and liquids. would be really nice if that mech lab had an integrated skill sim that used it and quirks to show both heat efficiency and other stuff like damage on weapons, that's a lot of work tho. Summary: Application of MWO 55-1520-240-50-43 replaced three piece engine drive shaft, P/N 145D3500-15, with a one piece engine drive shaft, P/N 145D3504-2. Example: Walking is 3 (30%), Striding is 6 (60%) and running is the full 10 (100%) (with the the Internal 10 HS's covering that generated Heat. 0 DHS if you run a 250 Engine or higher. The general definition of the heat transfer coefficient is: where: q: heat flux (W/m 2 ); i. Double Heat sinks take up 3 critical slots and cost one ton. 1. ε = emissivity coefficient of the body. p. Convection (or convective heat transfer) is the transfer of heat from one place to another due to the movement of fluid. thr_drengur • 10 mo. Through many discussions of the failings of both the GH and the ED systems, and what causes them to not work well for MWO, it was asked of me, "if not GH or ED, then what?". MWO / FORUMS / MECHWARRIOR UNIVERSE / GENERAL DISCUSSION; 1. So basically - if we lose HS on 99% of heat level - heat level should remain the same(99%). Maybe a smaller engine with more HS, or go STD engine if you want to brawl (but BLGs run XLs pretty well). 7. 11. As you earn in-game currency and experience you will be able to purchase and customize your own. I played MWO last in 2018, right around when PGI started messing with changing the entire heat system - dissipation/capacity rates for all heatsinks, heat values for all weapons, etc. This change to the relation between Flamers and the External Heat Transfer Quirk came in with the new Flamers on March 15th. Ghost heat causes abnormal heat and is pretty much universally hated. The few mechs with -xx% External Heat Transfer also help against Flamers! Night Gyr--all variants have -100% External Heat Transfer, meaning that Flamers won't. MRM 30 + 20 generates 9. External heat sources (hot maps, cold maps, flamers, cooling in water) only affect the mech half as much. It's better to say, that damaged HS stopped to get new heat, but old heat stays with it even it was damaged/missed with lost mech part. . Battlemaster Hellslinger Hero mech also has -50% External Heat Transfer! The quirk affects the amount of heat the Mech gains or loses due to external sources. Heat Scale. In addition to the heat that is generated. Here, at 10 seconds (which, ironically enough, is equivalent to 1 TT turn), I was already near my heat threshold. Plus, if you're getting close to your heat threshold, you can just fire the group of two. According to thermodynamic systems, heat transfer is defined as. While it does do something, it's not really worth worrying about it because you can't control the map and for all the heated maps it helps on there are refrigerator maps it harms you on. This is how heat works in TT (simplified): 1. Hellslinger gets 50% external heat transfer (lol) Heavies: The Quirk does provide the Gyr with a slight buff against enemy Flamers, but Flamers do still affect Heat levels on the Gyr. Constructive feedback is much appreciated!I guess that depends on whether that is a bonus or a penalty. MWO UNIVERSE; SUPPORT & FEEDBACK; OFF TOPIC; MWO / FORUMS / TRAINING GROUNDS / NEW PLAYER HELP / BATTLEMECHS; 1. MWO is neither of those things and the important thing is how we have fun. During heat treatment, cellulose and hemicellulose have been decomposed and degraded at 200 ~ 360 °C, while lignin will be degraded at 250. Base heat capacity of every mech is 30 Points. The latter requirement throws everything off, because at least for clan mechs, for many chassis I only have 1 variant. The heating. . Equation (1) suggests three ways to reduce heat loss: 1) As the heat loss is proportional to the inside-outside temperature difference, the set-point for the indoor temperature can be reduced during the heating. q = U A dT (1) where. Convection requires fluid flow. Heat efficiency really does depend on the playstyle and build. its likely going to have a ghost heat limit of 3. Heat exchangers provide efficient heating/cooling in thermal cycles and facilitate in. In practice they have always been treated as "free" ie all available to take movement/weapons fire generated heat. Posted 29 January 2013 - 03:37 AM. Heat transfer also occurs through conduction into the room, but much slower. Conduction: Heat transfer in a solid or a stationary fluid (gas or liquid) due to the random motion of its constituent atoms, molecules and /or electrons. Big Daddy Alpha, on 05 August 2014 - 11:11 AM, said: The heat generated by the maps is 50% less. A laser will spread its damage in small packages over the enemy mech if you are not able to hold it steady on one point (which is unlikely in many cases, as you and the target may be moving in different directions. Then, cover the skillet with a heavy lid and let the bread toast for 2 minutes. A hot, less-dense lower boundary layer sends plumes of hot material upwards, and cold material from the top moves downwards. Available today for MC. 4 heat dissipated (computed from the known dissipation rate, which appears to be reliable), corresponding to 60%. In this context, the external environment plays a major role (1). The results are compared with those obtained by MWO and MEG objectives as well as different HTLs. 0. 9HD and double heat. Mwo's default is the base 30 plus your heatsinks capacity. Is this the world we live in now or is it a bu. 00 second) yes, they weigh more. The increase, Δ S , of entropy in the system may be considered to consist of two parts, an increment, Δ S ′ that matches, or 'compensates', the change, −Δ S ′ , of entropy in the surroundings, and a. 5 min and with step 2. σ = Stefan Boltzmann Constant = 5. Jump to contentCompared to harmonic piston paths, the optimal piston paths lead to significant improvements in COP of ca. Posted 16 July 2013 - 11:48 AM. Heat transfer is usually classified into various mechanisms, such as:You may wonder, in your first days as bona fide mechwarriors, "Do I really NEED double heat sinks (DHS)?" Your answer is, quite emphatically, YES! At the very least, in light mechs they are an absolute MUST HAVE kind of item. TSWHS can be considered a reliable and cost-effective source of hot water without any external energy input. 2. The external resistance to. 2 Formulation of the problem. That is the external heat transfer factor. 0 to your heat capacity. You manually power up your mech after it has shutdown from overheating while still over 100% heat. 1) In a transfer of energy as heat without work being done, there are changes of entropy in both the surroundings which lose heat and the system which gains it. When this heat value reaches a certain point the mech shuts down, damaging the mech and making it a static. Ghost Heat is a game mechanic in MechWarrior Online that limits the amount of heat generated by firing multiple weapons of the same type at once. Metallic tools should never be used in the MWO, therefore, heat-resistant plastic Coplin jars or containers and heat-resistant plastic slide holders with a capacity of 15 sections and above are required for this application. Size should be 6,67gb. Started by Greyhart, Feb 21 2019 01:57 AM. If it's a bonus 50% is pretty substantial, if it's a penalty, again, that. BattleTech construction rules. You may be figuring these in using the external entry box, but visually if you do that doesn't show. Constructive feedback is much appreciated! I guess that depends on whether that is a bonus or a penalty. This ScienceStruck post discusses the methods of heat transfer and its applications in detail. Posted 17 November 2013 - 11:17 PM. These sources include the environment (both hot and cold maps, as well as. Methyl Ester-Waste Vegetable oil (MWO) as a promising alternative of mineral oil (MO) in the future. 4 even. Shadey99, on 17 July 2013 - 05:23 AM, said:Heat transfer is an important topic in many engineering cases. While I agree the mech could use more ammo in mwo's system, the problem isn't the minimum. 10 on the scale would be 33% on the current heat scale: Basic Heat Scale Effects 1. Join the Discord! Engineers:PC Workshop Items MWO heat management stat doesn't take laser durations into account for the heat efficiency. This transfer takes place in three ways – conduction, convection, and radiation. Strip down a mech to just its engine (at least 250 sized, obviously) and equip one medium pulse laser. Minimum used to be forty nowitis a fair bit higher. The same for the game. Elements 1, 2, 4, 8, and 9 are given for this MWO (as shown). Flaming mech gains 0 linear extra heat due to the 0. 𝑠𝑠. higher temperatures are simulated with the shrinkage data (S3). You can make a mech with 20DHS and enough. The Grizzly; 249 posts Posted 13 November 2014 - 01:12 PM. Its not only the map, its everything outside that affects it 50% less. The aim. There have been over 7,700 units produced and are still active in service with over 40 countries and is in current production with deliveries scheduled through 2018 to the U. It adds small scaling heat, cannot shut an opponent. Edited by Seth, 27 November 2011 - 01:19 AM. SRM6s. *I’m defining “best” as those that I have the best combination of W/L ratio, KDR, average damage and non-outlier play time in. Strip down a mech to just its engine (at least 250 sized, obviously) and equip one medium pulse laser. But a single Laser AMS is still 1 heat per second. Double heat sinks not being true dubs is also universally hated. Comment/Discuss on : MWO Heat Simulator Thread; Accepting Donations Paypal for my coffee and catfood:. I think mechs should get searchlights for free. 1. 94% (heat cont affect both 30 base cap and addiaontal heatsink. Download Free PDF. Clan: Kit fox, Nova, Linebacker, MK-II. Wet Heat-Induced Epitope Retrieval. * Added heat sinks refers to those placed in the slots in the engine space. Fig. Flaming mech never goes into "linear generation mode". MechWarrior Online™ Legends is a tactical, 'Mech-based online shooter set in the vast BattleTech Universe. MWO / FORUMS / MECHWARRIOR UNIVERSE / GENERAL DISCUSSION / ARCHIVE; 3. However, when adding double heat sink upgrade, the heat sinks in the engine alone have greater heat efficiency then having 5 or 6 external single heat sinks. The Physics Classroom Tutorial presents physics concepts and principles in an easy-to-understand language. two IS medium lasers = 10 damage for 6 heat with 270m range for 2 tons and 2 crits. Heat flux vector q is. . A better word for that, would be Insulation, perhaps? External heat sources (hot maps, cold maps, flamers, cooling in water) only affect the mech half as much. Major update January 25, 2015 : Import from Smurfy's mechlab! Updated May 14, 2015 : Updated data, fixed import feature that got broken by several API updates. The sturdy structure and elegant lines of the handle amplify the external look of the oven making it a beautiful. Heat transfer is a fundamental phenomenon underpinning energy transport 1 and is generally induced by a temperature difference in space. I think it would be nice to have skills to prevent maps from affecting the heat scale, like the Night Gyr and the Hellsinger already have. In metal hydride–hydrogen storage tank, a thermal energy storage unit can be efficiently integrated as it is economical by replacing the use of an external heat source. The internal vibrations are referred to vibrations of WO 4 tetrahedron with stationary center of mass and external vibrations (lattice phonons) are referred to motion of WO 4 and MO 8 as a rigid. Also, a medium pulse laser creates 5 heat every 3 seconds with a pulse time of 0. The heat- and mass-transfer fluxes are thus coupled: (12) in which AJ-^ is the latent heat of vaporization at temperature TE (the heat of desorption is zero for a non-hygroscopic body), s is the mean heat capacity of the body per unit bone-dry mass, a is the external surface of the body per unit volume, and p, is the bulk density of the bone. It’s also attributed to how fast the body can lose heat. Every 'Mech must equip a minimum of 10 heat sinks, either internal or external.